HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research | HIV/AIDS, Young People, Research

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Challenges to Youths Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Information and Services in Southern Africa: A Review of Qualitative Research in Seven Countries

The Soul City Institute for Health and Development Regional Programme, involving partner organisations in Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, conducted qualitative formative audience research to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) issues among youth...

An Early Window of Opportunity for Promoting Girls' Health: Policy Implications of the Girl's Puberty Book Project in Tanzania

"Given the numerous health-related risks faced by adolescent girls and women in low-income countries, such as infection with HIV/AIDS, unsafe abortions, and gender-based violence, attention to policy and programming that aim to ensure that girls transition through puberty with a healthy body and a sense of empowerment over that body is an...

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

Sexuality Education and Lifeskills

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Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Effectiveness of HIV Prevention for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials

"We undertook a systematic review, and a meta-analysis when appropriate, to assess effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviours, and consequent HIV infection, among young people (10-25 years) in sub-Saharan Africa."

This study attempted to assess the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventions in changing sexual...

The Nature of Risk: HIV/AIDS and the Deaf Community in the United States

This research explores why individuals in the United States (US) who are Deaf are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV infection. "An analysis of the social, political, and attitudinal environments surrounding people who are Deaf reveals numerous barriers that may hinder access to sexuality education and HIV prevention programs." [...

A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector...

Comprehensive Sexuality Education: The Challenges and Opportunities of Scaling Up

"Even in countries with the highest HIV rates, there are relatively few examples of scaled-up, sustainable programmes within educational curricula."

Young People's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Issues in Zimbabwe: Summary of Findings from SAfAIDS Baseline Survey in Five Provinces

This 56-page report shares the results of a sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) baseline survey conducted by SAfAIDS (Southern Africa HIV and AIDS Information Dissemination Service) in five provinces in Zimbabwe, which looked at young people's knowledge, attitude, and practices related to SRHR. According to the report, young people...

Our Stories, Our Words: The Situation of Women Living with AIDS in 14 Latin American Countries - Nuestras historias, nuestras palabras: Situación de las mujeres que viven con VIH en 14 países de América Latina

The Secretariat for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) began a dialogue in 2010 with the Movimiento Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Mujeres Positivas (Latin American and Caribbean Positive Women’s Movement - MLCM+) to learn about the response to the epidemic of women and girls living with HIV in Latin America.

Accelerating the Education Sector Response to HIV: Five Years of Experience from Sub-Saharan Africa

This review discusses the education sector's role in preventing HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly focused on the “Accelerate Initiative”. It was assembled using data collated during the 2007 School Health and HIV/AIDS Focal...

The Child Status Index Usage Assessment

This report evaluates a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) tool that was created in order to assess programmes designed to meet the needs of children who are orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS.

Social and Behaviour Change

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Impact of the Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program on HIV Risk Behavior

"Study Question: Can a poverty targeted social cash transfer influence HIV risk behavior?"

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Impact Evaluation of the Campaign Violence against Women: A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid

This impact evaluation in Spanish of the violence against women (VAW) campaign “A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid” from Puntos de Encuentro, Nicaragua, is directed to the men and women of nearly 250 organisations, women's groups, youth groups, news organisations, and local governments that participated in the campaign. The evaluation summarises...

Let's Talk about Sex: Reflections on Conversations about Love and Sexuality in Kumasi and Endwa, Ghana

"I argue that young people's silences and respectful speech in family settings reflect a local moral world in which parents authorise and acknowledge sexual engagements of young people only when the latter have achieved the necessary spending power and capacity to care for their partners."

Reducing Substance Use and HIV Health Disparities among Hispanic Youth in the U.S.A.: The Familias Unidas Program of Research

"The objective of this article is to describe a program of research involving Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, parent-centered intervention, aimed at reducing substance use and HIV health disparities among Hispanic youth."

Effectiveness of HIV Prevention for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials

"We undertook a systematic review, and a meta-analysis when appropriate, to assess effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviours, and consequent HIV infection, among young people (10-25 years) in sub-Saharan Africa."

This study attempted to assess the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventions in changing sexual...

HIV Prevention for South African Youth: Which Interventions Work? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

"In countries where HIV prevalence has declined at population level, sexual behaviour change among young people has been cited as an important contributing factor. Yet, questions remain regarding how to achieve - and maintain - the individual-level behavioural changes needed to reduce HIV incidence."

Engaging Men and Boys: A Brief Summary of UNFPA Experience and Lessons Learned

"The key principle to bear in mind - whether programmes are working with men as supportive partners or as agents of social change - is that working with men represents an opportunity to address gender inequality and improve health outcomes."

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

Gender Based Violence

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Impact Data - Violence against Women - Puntos de Encuentro

Below is some of the evidence on the use of communication strategies to tackle violence against women from Puntos de Encuentro, a Nicaraguan feminist organisation that works with young and adult women in developing their capacities to exercise their rights and...

Impact Evaluation of the Campaign Violence against Women: A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid

This impact evaluation in Spanish of the violence against women (VAW) campaign “A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid” from Puntos de Encuentro, Nicaragua, is directed to the men and women of nearly 250 organisations, women's groups, youth groups, news organisations, and local governments that participated in the campaign. The evaluation summarises...

Multimedia Library on Sexuality, HIV, and Violence - Biblioteca Multimedia sobre Sexualidad, VIH y Violencia

The organisation Puntos de Encuentro compiled this multi-media library on the issue of sexuality, HIV, and violence because "sexuality is an essential part of one’s wellbeing and development..., yet in the 21st Century violence against women, adolescent pregnancy, HIV and other sexually transmitted illnesses are on the rise and threatening...

Engaging Men and Boys: A Brief Summary of UNFPA Experience and Lessons Learned

"The key principle to bear in mind - whether programmes are working with men as supportive partners or as agents of social change - is that working with men represents an opportunity to address gender inequality and improve health outcomes."

We Will Speak Out Coalition: Working Together to End Sexual Violence

"We recognise that responding to sexual violence is essential in our work, in our communities and in our world. We commit to addressing sexual violence in our contexts to the best of our ability, aiming to end it in all its forms, together." From the We Will Speak Out Pledge

Cross-Generational Relationships: Perceived Norms and Practices in Jamaica

This report from C-Change/ FHI 360 documents a study that sought to explore the dynamics of cross-generational relationships in Jamaica with the aim of informing communication programmes working to decrease cross-generational sexual practices and their related risks, including gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV. This study defines cross-...

Using Participatory Research and Action to Address the HIV-related Vulnerabilities of Adolescent Girls in Tanzania

"Globally, girls and young women are more likely to be HIV positive than their male peers, due in large part to an array of gender inequalities that negatively impact their mental and physical well being. Protecting girls from this multi-dimensional risk requires understanding how the girls experience vulnerability in their daily lives and...

Vijana Tunaweza Newala: Findings from a Participatory Research and Action Project in Tanzania

From the Executive summary: "The International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Taasisi ya Maendeleo Shirikishi Arusha (TAMASHA), in collaboration with Pact Tanzania, developed a participatory research and action project (Vitu Newala) that aimed to both understand and respond to girls’ HIV-related vulnerabilities.

Evidence-Based Approaches to Protecting Adolescent Girls at Risk of HIV

"Despite the increasingly lopsided ratio between female and male infections in young populations, policymakers have persistently failed to engage directly with girls, too often submerging girls' needs within generalized health sector activities, male-focused and male-dominated community-based activities, and generic 'youth' prevention...

Incentives for Change

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Study Finds Price for Reducing HIV Risk

This article from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States, describes a study done in Mexico City on the feasibility of reducing HIV risk behaviours using a conditional cash transfer programme that encourages HIV prevention education and regular testing among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Impact of the Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program on HIV Risk Behavior

"Study Question: Can a poverty targeted social cash transfer influence HIV risk behavior?"

Faidha Gani? What's the Point: HIV and the Logics of (Non)-Disclosure among Young Activists in Zanzibar

"Although there is arguably much to be gained by disclosing [HIV status], there is also much at stake, including issues of individual and family honour and the possibility of living a 'normal' life."

Starting with the question, Faidha gani? or 'What's the point?' this paper attempts to shed light on motives for disclosure and non-...

Reducing Substance Use and HIV Health Disparities among Hispanic Youth in the U.S.A.: The Familias Unidas Program of Research

"The objective of this article is to describe a program of research involving Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, parent-centered intervention, aimed at reducing substance use and HIV health disparities among Hispanic youth."

Managing the Media Monster: The Influence of Media (from Television to Text Messages) on Teen Sexual Behavior and Attitudes

"The media are the air our young people breathe. That air should include accurate information about the risks and responsibilities of sexual behavior."

This report is intended to share with practitioners and programmes research about how the media influence the sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of young people (defined...

Accelerating the Education Sector Response to HIV: Five Years of Experience from Sub-Saharan Africa

This review discusses the education sector's role in preventing HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly focused on the “Accelerate Initiative”. It was assembled using data collated during the 2007 School Health and HIV/AIDS Focal...

Clueless or Clued Up: Your Right to be Informed about Contraception

This media report from the International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF) and Bayer Pharmaceuticals explores young people's attitudes about sex and contraception and whether they are able to access accurate and unbiased information to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health. Published for World Contraception Day (...

Community-Based Intervention to Increase HIV Testing and Case Detection in People Aged 16-32 Years in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Thailand

This study from The Lancet aimed to assess whether HIV testing could be increased by combination of community mobilisation, mobile community-based voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), and support after testing. Project Accept, the primary project used in this study, is underway in ten communities in Tanzania, eight in Zimbabwe, and...

The Effectiveness of Interventions to Change Six Health Behaviours: A Review of Reviews

From the abstract of this United Kingdom-based study: "This paper reports the findings of a review of reviews of behavioural change interventions to reduce unhealthy behaviours or promote healthy behaviours. We included six different health-related behaviours in the review: healthy eating, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol misuse, sexual risk...

Testing and Counselling

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HIV Knowledge and Associated Factors among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States

This research compares factors associated with low HIV/AIDS knowledge among internet-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States (US). [Footnotes are removed throughout by the editor.]

HIV/AIDS among Youth in Urban Informal (Slum) Settlements in Kenya: What Are the Correlates of and Motivations for HIV Testing?

"HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is widely considered an integral component of HIV prevention and treatment strategies. However, although recent estimates of the HIV/AIDS burden in Kenya underscore the particular vulnerability of youth to HIV, HIV testing and its determinants are largely understudied in this age group."

Focusing on...

Keeping Them in "STYLE": Finding, Linking, and Retaining Young HIV-Positive Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in Care

This research evaluates the effectiveness of a programme created for HIV-infected African-American and Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM), located in North Carolina, United States, called STYLE (Strength Through Youth Livin’ Empowered). The programme was created to engage and retain this population in HIV primary care services. [...

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Faidha Gani? What's the Point: HIV and the Logics of (Non)-Disclosure among Young Activists in Zanzibar

"Although there is arguably much to be gained by disclosing [HIV status], there is also much at stake, including issues of individual and family honour and the possibility of living a 'normal' life."

Starting with the question, Faidha gani? or 'What's the point?' this paper attempts to shed light on motives for disclosure and non-...

Where Do Young Men Want to Access STI Screening? A Stratified Random Probability Sample Survey of Young Men in Great Britain

"... testing for STIs and HIV can now be conducted in a variety of non-healthcare settings without the need for access to microscopy or interaction with healthcare professionals. "

Reaching Youth with Out-of-Facility HIV and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

This systematic literature review was undertaken to identify policies promoting or programmes delivering HIV or reproductive health services to adolescents in their communities. The researchers reviewed studies that evaluated uptake of services or commodities. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analysed.

...

Guideline on HIV Disclosure Counselling for Children Up to 12 Years of Age

"...[M]any health care workers around the world are uncertain how to counsel clients about the disclosure process... - [due to lack of] evidence-based policies and guidelines on when, how, and under what conditions children should be informed about their own or their caregivers’ HIV status."

Bringing Youth-Friendly Services to Scale in Ethiopia

This technical brief analyses the efforts of the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and Pathfinder International's efforts to introduce and scale-up youth-friendly services (YFS) in the Ethiopian public health system in order to address the barriers that stigma, service costs, and provider bias pose to Ethiopian young people's ability...

Treatment

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Relationships among HIV/AIDS Orphanhood, Stigma, and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in South African Youth

"Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that HIV/AIDS orphanhood is associated with anxiety and depression and that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is a risk factor for these outcomes."

Community-Based Research among Marginalized HIV Populations: Issues of Support, Resources, and Empowerment

"In the case of our experience, the involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS prompted us to develop this study as one of the local HIV resource organization, as our unit of identity, told us that 'given the discrepancy between the demographics of HIV cases in Vancouver and the demographics of our current members, what are the educational and...

Keeping Them in "STYLE": Finding, Linking, and Retaining Young HIV-Positive Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in Care

This research evaluates the effectiveness of a programme created for HIV-infected African-American and Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM), located in North Carolina, United States, called STYLE (Strength Through Youth Livin’ Empowered). The programme was created to engage and retain this population in HIV primary care services. [...

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Young People and HIV/AIDS

Dr. Susan Kasedde's presentation for the Programming for Adolescents and Youth in the Arab States/MENA Region conference in Istanbul, Turkey, December 3-7 2012, opens with 2012 statistical trends in new HIV infection in adults and children. Kasedde poses the question: "The vast majority of adolescents living with HIV (60%) are adolescent girls...

Bringing Youth-Friendly Services to Scale in Ethiopia

This technical brief analyses the efforts of the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and Pathfinder International's efforts to introduce and scale-up youth-friendly services (YFS) in the Ethiopian public health system in order to address the barriers that stigma, service costs, and provider bias pose to Ethiopian young people's ability...

WHO's 2010 Recommendations for HIV Treatment: National Guideline Revision Challenges and Lessons Learned

The World Health Organization (WHO) released revised recommendations for adult and adolescent HIV treatment in 2010. The aim of this technical brief from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)'s AIDSTAR-One (AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources, Sector 1, Task Order 1) is to provide HIV policymakers and...

Needs, Challenges & Opportunities: Adolescents and Young People Living with HIV in Zambia

The aims of this qualitative study, carried out in 2010 by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, were twofold. The first was to explore and document the psychosocial, sexual, and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents (10-19) living with HIV in Zambia. The second aim was to identify gaps between these needs and existing SRH and HIV-...

NuLife

This report records the experience of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded NuLife - Food and Nutrition Interventions for Uganda project, which sought to help integrate nutrition care into the care of those infected with or affected by HIV/AIDS. This programme was managed by University Research Co. (URC), in...

Harm Reduction

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HIV Knowledge and Associated Factors among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States

This research compares factors associated with low HIV/AIDS knowledge among internet-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa and the United States (US). [Footnotes are removed throughout by the editor.]

Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review

The main focus of this 35-page report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report, its findings, and recommendations are based on a review of available published evidence.

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Impact Evaluation of the Campaign Violence against Women: A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid

This impact evaluation in Spanish of the violence against women (VAW) campaign “A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid” from Puntos de Encuentro, Nicaragua, is directed to the men and women of nearly 250 organisations, women's groups, youth groups, news organisations, and local governments that participated in the campaign. The evaluation summarises...

Setting the Scene: Assessing and Planning with Harm Reduction Partners

This International HIV/AIDS Alliance (The Alliance) report summarises the results of site assessments on HIV and drug use in China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Malaysia. The assessments were conducted by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and their teams of experts in four technical areas:

An Early Window of Opportunity for Promoting Girls' Health: Policy Implications of the Girl's Puberty Book Project in Tanzania

"Given the numerous health-related risks faced by adolescent girls and women in low-income countries, such as infection with HIV/AIDS, unsafe abortions, and gender-based violence, attention to policy and programming that aim to ensure that girls transition through puberty with a healthy body and a sense of empowerment over that body is an...

Adolescent Health

In 2007, The Lancet published its first adolescent health series: this second series in 2012 on adolescent health argues that "it is now time to put the young person, not the specific issue, centre stage. Four papers analyse the role of adolescence as a foundation for future health, the social determinants of adolescent health, the potential of...

Reaching Youth with Out-of-Facility HIV and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

This systematic literature review was undertaken to identify policies promoting or programmes delivering HIV or reproductive health services to adolescents in their communities. The researchers reviewed studies that evaluated uptake of services or commodities. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analysed.

...

Hope Study Radio Drama Series

The Hope Study drama series was created as a radio drama about HIV prevention research. The main objective of this initiative was to increase awareness and community dialogue about clinical trial research. In 2011, the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (WRHI), Johannesburg, South Africa, with funding from the Wellcome Trust and in...

Condoms

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Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review

The main focus of this 35-page report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report, its findings, and recommendations are based on a review of available published evidence.

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Effectiveness of HIV Prevention for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials

"We undertook a systematic review, and a meta-analysis when appropriate, to assess effectiveness of interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviours, and consequent HIV infection, among young people (10-25 years) in sub-Saharan Africa."

This study attempted to assess the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventions in changing sexual...

Young People and HIV/AIDS

Dr. Susan Kasedde's presentation for the Programming for Adolescents and Youth in the Arab States/MENA Region conference in Istanbul, Turkey, December 3-7 2012, opens with 2012 statistical trends in new HIV infection in adults and children. Kasedde poses the question: "The vast majority of adolescents living with HIV (60%) are adolescent girls...

Pinch, Leave an Inch and Roll: Applying the Communication-for-Behavioural-Impact (COMBI) Approach to the Promotion of Proper Male Condom Usage in Jamaica

This article from the journal Caribbean Quarterly (Special Issue on Communication in Action) reviews a condom distribution project in Jamaica through the Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI) lens. This framework is used to understand the process of creating the "Pinch, Leave an Inch and Roll" campaign, one of Jamaica's National...

Reaching Youth with Out-of-Facility HIV and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

This systematic literature review was undertaken to identify policies promoting or programmes delivering HIV or reproductive health services to adolescents in their communities. The researchers reviewed studies that evaluated uptake of services or commodities. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analysed.

...

Clueless or Clued Up: Your Right to be Informed about Contraception

This media report from the International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF) and Bayer Pharmaceuticals explores young people's attitudes about sex and contraception and whether they are able to access accurate and unbiased information to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health. Published for World Contraception Day (...

Making Sense of Condoms: Social Representations in Young People's HIV-Related Narratives from Six African Countries

Abstract:

Mobile Clinics in India Take to the Road

From the Case Study Series from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)'s AIDSTAR-One (AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources, Sector 1, Task Order 1), this report explores the process and results of a communication initiative designed to reach most-at-risk populations (MARPs) in India, including sex workers,...

Young People - Sex Work

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Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review

The main focus of this 35-page report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report, its findings, and recommendations are based on a review of available published evidence.

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector...

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

HIV in the Land of Baseball and Bachata: Dominican NGOs Provide Comprehensive Services to Those Most at Risk

"Today, Rosa gives a talk about HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to the women at El Mamey, demonstrating the correct use of condoms and reminding the women to come for their monthly medical checkups at the Clínica de Familia La Romana (La Romana Family Clinic). At the end of her talk she answers questions, addresses common...

Operational Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV Programmes for Sex Workers, Men who have Sex with Men, and Transgender People

This document offers guidance in planning, monitoring, and evaluating programmes in settings where HIV affects men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, and transgender people. It represents the result of a large individual and multiple agency collaboration. The objectives of these guidelines are to:

The Role of Non-Formal Education in Combating the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines and Taiwan

From the abstract: "The Philippines is experiencing a low but slowly growing prevalence of HIV, with a UN [United Nations] estimate of 6,000-11,000 cases out of a population of 91 million, and a 150% increase in new cases in 2008 compared to previous years. Earlier education programmes employed non-formal educational training techniques in the...

Striving for Transformation through Empowered People (STEP)

Implemented in Vietnam's southwestern province, the 4-year STEP programme (2008-2012) addresses gender and its effects on the behaviour and life choices of both men and women. The programme, a collaboration between CARE International in Vietnam (CVN), the provincial Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (DOLISA), and the Department...

Sex Work and Life with Dignity: Sex Work, HIV, and Human Rights Program in Peru

"The program helps open up a topic this society generally considers taboo. The barriers are slowly breaking down. This is a definite advantage." - Peruvian government official

Medical Male Circumcision

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Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention - A Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness among Young People and Adults in Rural Uganda

"It has been shown that awareness of the protective effect of male circumcision leads to high acceptability towards the introduction of medical male circumcision services within countries."

Policy Environment and Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Findings from a Situation Analysis Study in Tanzania

This Tanzanian study is part of a situation analysis to understand the attitudes of policy makers and other key community and health authority decision makers towards male circumcision (MC), the policy and regulatory environment, and the readiness of a health system to accommodate scaling up of MC services. MC has been shown to be effective...

Young People and HIV/AIDS

Dr. Susan Kasedde's presentation for the Programming for Adolescents and Youth in the Arab States/MENA Region conference in Istanbul, Turkey, December 3-7 2012, opens with 2012 statistical trends in new HIV infection in adults and children. Kasedde poses the question: "The vast majority of adolescents living with HIV (60%) are adolescent girls...

Southern and Eastern Africa Region Male Circumcision Communication Meeting: A Joint UNAIDS & PEPFAR Coordinated Meeting, September 22-24, 2010

From the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS):

Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Cross-sectional Study on Awareness Among Young People and Adults in Rural Uganda

This 11-page journal article published by BMC Public Health shares findings from a survey that sought to identify factors determining awareness of male circumcision for HIV prevention. According to the article, medical male circumcision (MC) is now part of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention, and it has been shown that awareness of the...

Young People who Inject Drugs

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Setting the Scene: Assessing and Planning with Harm Reduction Partners

This International HIV/AIDS Alliance (The Alliance) report summarises the results of site assessments on HIV and drug use in China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Malaysia. The assessments were conducted by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and their teams of experts in four technical areas:

Reducing Substance Use and HIV Health Disparities among Hispanic Youth in the U.S.A.: The Familias Unidas Program of Research

"The objective of this article is to describe a program of research involving Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, parent-centered intervention, aimed at reducing substance use and HIV health disparities among Hispanic youth."

A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector...

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

The Role of Non-Formal Education in Combating the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines and Taiwan

From the abstract: "The Philippines is experiencing a low but slowly growing prevalence of HIV, with a UN [United Nations] estimate of 6,000-11,000 cases out of a population of 91 million, and a 150% increase in new cases in 2008 compared to previous years. Earlier education programmes employed non-formal educational training techniques in the...

Striving for Transformation through Empowered People (STEP)

Implemented in Vietnam's southwestern province, the 4-year STEP programme (2008-2012) addresses gender and its effects on the behaviour and life choices of both men and women. The programme, a collaboration between CARE International in Vietnam (CVN), the provincial Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (DOLISA), and the Department...

HIV and Drug Use: Community Responses to Injecting Drug Use and HIV

This guide is one in a series of Good Practice Guides produced by the Alliance for the purpose of bringing together expertise from their global community-level HIV programming to define and guide good practice in a range of technical areas.

The HIV and drug use Good practice guide is aimed at people who are developing and delivering HIV...

Intervenciones con padres de familia para modificar el comportamiento sexual en adolescentes - Interventions Involving Parents in Order to Impact Adolescent Sexual Behaviour

This Spanish language article was prepared by Salud Pública México (Public Health Mexico) and published in its March-April 2011 journal. The objective of this study was to examine how educational interventions that incorporate parent participation actually affect and modify adolescent sexual behaviour. Salud Pública performed a search of 5...

Laws and Policies

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Policy Environment and Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Findings from a Situation Analysis Study in Tanzania

This Tanzanian study is part of a situation analysis to understand the attitudes of policy makers and other key community and health authority decision makers towards male circumcision (MC), the policy and regulatory environment, and the readiness of a health system to accommodate scaling up of MC services. MC has been shown to be effective...

Setting the Scene: Assessing and Planning with Harm Reduction Partners

This International HIV/AIDS Alliance (The Alliance) report summarises the results of site assessments on HIV and drug use in China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Malaysia. The assessments were conducted by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and their teams of experts in four technical areas:

A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector...

Comprehensive Sexuality Education: The Challenges and Opportunities of Scaling Up

"Even in countries with the highest HIV rates, there are relatively few examples of scaled-up, sustainable programmes within educational curricula."

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

Our Stories, Our Words: The Situation of Women Living with AIDS in 14 Latin American Countries - Nuestras historias, nuestras palabras: Situación de las mujeres que viven con VIH en 14 países de América Latina

The Secretariat for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) began a dialogue in 2010 with the Movimiento Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Mujeres Positivas (Latin American and Caribbean Positive Women’s Movement - MLCM+) to learn about the response to the epidemic of women and girls living with HIV in Latin America.

Hope Study Radio Drama Series

The Hope Study drama series was created as a radio drama about HIV prevention research. The main objective of this initiative was to increase awareness and community dialogue about clinical trial research. In 2011, the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (WRHI), Johannesburg, South Africa, with funding from the Wellcome Trust and in...

We Will Speak Out Coalition: Working Together to End Sexual Violence

"We recognise that responding to sexual violence is essential in our work, in our communities and in our world. We commit to addressing sexual violence in our contexts to the best of our ability, aiming to end it in all its forms, together." From the We Will Speak Out Pledge

Combination Prevention: A Deeper Understanding of Effective HIV Prevention

Published in the journal AIDS (Vol. 24 Suppl. 4, pp. S70-S80), this editorial explores combination prevention, which is a mix of behavioural, biomedical, and structural interventions, ideally informed by evidence and based on human rights, that address both the immediate risks and the underlying causes of vulnerability to HIV.

Boys and Girls in the Life Cycle: Sex-Disaggregated Data on a Selection of Well-Being Indicators, from Early Childhood to Young Adulthood

From the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), this compilation of a selection of sex-disaggregated statistics on children and young people in the developing world was prepared and published by the Statistics and Monitoring Section, Division of Policy and Practice of UNICEF.

Young Women and Girls

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Impact of the Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program on HIV Risk Behavior

"Study Question: Can a poverty targeted social cash transfer influence HIV risk behavior?"

Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review

The main focus of this 35-page report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report, its findings, and recommendations are based on a review of available published evidence.

Vulnerabilities, Health Needs and Predictors of High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Female Adolescent Sex Workers in Kunming, China

Adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services, including peer-education-based health promotion and condom access, reported improved sexual behaviour. This is one of the findings of a study that assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and STIs, including HIV,...

Faidha Gani? What's the Point: HIV and the Logics of (Non)-Disclosure among Young Activists in Zanzibar

"Although there is arguably much to be gained by disclosing [HIV status], there is also much at stake, including issues of individual and family honour and the possibility of living a 'normal' life."

Starting with the question, Faidha gani? or 'What's the point?' this paper attempts to shed light on motives for disclosure and non-...

Impact Evaluation of the Campaign Violence against Women: A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid

This impact evaluation in Spanish of the violence against women (VAW) campaign “A Disaster that We Men Can Avoid” from Puntos de Encuentro, Nicaragua, is directed to the men and women of nearly 250 organisations, women's groups, youth groups, news organisations, and local governments that participated in the campaign. The evaluation summarises...

Multimedia Library on Sexuality, HIV, and Violence - Biblioteca Multimedia sobre Sexualidad, VIH y Violencia

The organisation Puntos de Encuentro compiled this multi-media library on the issue of sexuality, HIV, and violence because "sexuality is an essential part of one’s wellbeing and development..., yet in the 21st Century violence against women, adolescent pregnancy, HIV and other sexually transmitted illnesses are on the rise and threatening...

Let's Talk about Sex: Reflections on Conversations about Love and Sexuality in Kumasi and Endwa, Ghana

"I argue that young people's silences and respectful speech in family settings reflect a local moral world in which parents authorise and acknowledge sexual engagements of young people only when the latter have achieved the necessary spending power and capacity to care for their partners."

HIV Prevention for South African Youth: Which Interventions Work? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

"In countries where HIV prevalence has declined at population level, sexual behaviour change among young people has been cited as an important contributing factor. Yet, questions remain regarding how to achieve - and maintain - the individual-level behavioural changes needed to reduce HIV incidence."

HIV in the Land of Baseball and Bachata: Dominican NGOs Provide Comprehensive Services to Those Most at Risk

"Today, Rosa gives a talk about HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to the women at El Mamey, demonstrating the correct use of condoms and reminding the women to come for their monthly medical checkups at the Clínica de Familia La Romana (La Romana Family Clinic). At the end of her talk she answers questions, addresses common...

Our Stories, Our Words: The Situation of Women Living with AIDS in 14 Latin American Countries - Nuestras historias, nuestras palabras: Situación de las mujeres que viven con VIH en 14 países de América Latina

The Secretariat for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) began a dialogue in 2010 with the Movimiento Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Mujeres Positivas (Latin American and Caribbean Positive Women’s Movement - MLCM+) to learn about the response to the epidemic of women and girls living with HIV in Latin America.

United Nations

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Preventing HIV among Sex Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review

The main focus of this 35-page report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report, its findings, and recommendations are based on a review of available published evidence.

A Situation Analysis of the Education Sector Response to HIV, Drugs and Sexual Health in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

"In order to provide an enabling environment for preventing HIV and drug abuse, it is important to have an educated population, one that does not hold misconceptions or is discriminatory towards PLHIV [people living with HIV] and key affected populations. This is where education can play an important complementary role with health sector...

Comprehensive Sexuality Education: The Challenges and Opportunities of Scaling Up

"Even in countries with the highest HIV rates, there are relatively few examples of scaled-up, sustainable programmes within educational curricula."

Engaging Men and Boys: A Brief Summary of UNFPA Experience and Lessons Learned

"The key principle to bear in mind - whether programmes are working with men as supportive partners or as agents of social change - is that working with men represents an opportunity to address gender inequality and improve health outcomes."

An Early Window of Opportunity for Promoting Girls' Health: Policy Implications of the Girl's Puberty Book Project in Tanzania

"Given the numerous health-related risks faced by adolescent girls and women in low-income countries, such as infection with HIV/AIDS, unsafe abortions, and gender-based violence, attention to policy and programming that aim to ensure that girls transition through puberty with a healthy body and a sense of empowerment over that body is an...

Experiences from the Field: HIV Prevention among Most at Risk Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

"Concerted advocacy and action is needed from all partners to ensure that quality services are available to vulnerable and at-risk adolescents at national scale....Reforms must aim to expand and grant equitable access to services for all, including adolescents engaging in risk behaviours who are currently excluded."

Adolescent Health

In 2007, The Lancet published its first adolescent health series: this second series in 2012 on adolescent health argues that "it is now time to put the young person, not the specific issue, centre stage. Four papers analyse the role of adolescence as a foundation for future health, the social determinants of adolescent health, the potential of...

Young People and HIV/AIDS

Dr. Susan Kasedde's presentation for the Programming for Adolescents and Youth in the Arab States/MENA Region conference in Istanbul, Turkey, December 3-7 2012, opens with 2012 statistical trends in new HIV infection in adults and children. Kasedde poses the question: "The vast majority of adolescents living with HIV (60%) are adolescent girls...

Reaching Youth with Out-of-Facility HIV and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

This systematic literature review was undertaken to identify policies promoting or programmes delivering HIV or reproductive health services to adolescents in their communities. The researchers reviewed studies that evaluated uptake of services or commodities. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analysed.

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Will There Ever Be an AIDS-Free Generation?

This 25-minute video debate discusses the impact of HIV on adolescents, the urgent need for high-impact services, and the legal, social, and policy issues of providing prevention intervention, including education and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Joining in this debate are: Joy Phumaphi, former Minister of Health, Botswana;...