Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health (Smith); Department of Neurology,Yale University School of Medicine ()Novella)

This study discuses the impact of the AIDS denial movement, which is spearheaded by a group that is reported to refuse to accept that HIV is the cause of AIDS. According to the authors, "HIV denial has taken root in the general population and has shown its potential to frustrate public education efforts and adversely affect public funding for AIDS research and prevention programs....Indeed, the Internet has served as a fertile and un-refereed medium to spread these denialist beliefs....The Internet is an effective tool for targeting young people, and for spreading misinformation within a group at high risk for HIV infection." The authors discuss denialist groups, conspiracy theories and selective distrust of scientific authority, efforts to discredit scientific work related to HIV/AIDS, denialist claims of expert backing for their theories, and the denialist strategy of demanding more evidence than can be provided.


According to the article, though scientists may try to ignore denialists or treat them as the discredited fringe, there is evidence of impact of their influence. "A recent study, for example, showed that a large percentage of African Americans are suspicious of mainstream AIDS theories due to a general distrust of government authorities....[In addition,] stronger conspiracy beliefs were significantly associated with more negative attitudes towards using condoms and with inconsistent condom use, independent of selected socio demographic characteristics, partner variables, sexually transmitted disease history, perceived risk, and psychosocial factors."


The authors speculate that scientists and the media may be at fault for originally "proclaiming AIDS a universal 'death sentence'...It is difficult to strike the correct balance between providing information conveying on one hand the severity of the disease, and on the other optimism about treatment and advances in understanding HIV pathogenesis (including research about individuals who may indeed be somewhat resistant to the virus)." The article recommends "the presentation of a clear and simple message supported by a solid consensus of the medical community....Further, countering the misinformation of HIV deniers needs to be conducted in the broader societal context of countering anti-science and pseudoscience. The scientific community must collectively defend and promote the role of science in society, and combat the growing problem of scientific illiteracy. We must all strive to do our part to make science accessible to the general public, and to explain the process by which scientific evidence is gathered, analyzed, and eventually accepted, and academic institutions should provide greater incentive for their researchers to expend the time and effort to do so."


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