55 percent of listeners talked to a friend about issues raised in the radio programme.

The percentage of married respondents in the treatment area who talked with their spouse about family planning increased from 42 percent in 1993 to 51 per cent in 1995, compared with 62 to 57 per cent in the control area over the same period.

88 percent of people listening reported that they learned about family planning; 86 percent said they learned about HIV/AIDS prevention; and 76 percent said they learned about spousal communication.

Favorable attitudes to family planning increased by 5 percent from 1993 to 1995 [69 percent to 74 percent] in the treatment area and decreased by 6 percent [1993: 82 percent; 1995: 76 percent] in the control area.

23 percent of the listeners said they adopted family planning as the result of listening to "Twende na Wakati". Most adopted oral contraceptive pills and condoms.

Married female respondents in the treatment area reporting use of a family planning method increased from 25 percent [1993] to 33 percent [1995]; compared with a decrease in the control area from 51 percent [1993] to 46 percent [1995] (noting that the control area was considerably more urban than the treatment area).

Sexually active men in the treatment area reporting using a family planning method increased from 14 percent [1993] to 21 percent [1995], compared with a decrease from 29 percent [1993] to 19 percent [1995] in the control area.

Listeners to the radio programme in the control area were much more likely to use family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention methods than were non-listeners in that control area. Evaluation document comments that this data is all self-report based and "may over-estimate the actual influence of 'Twende ne Wakati'".

Number of new family planning adopters at clinics in the treatment area increase 50 per cent in first six months of broadcasts of the soap opera in 1993 - from 30 to 45 new adopters per month , with continuing growth in ensuing months. Number of new family planning adopters at clinics in the comparison area remained more-or-less constant from mid-1993 through late 1994.

82% of listeners in 1995 said that they adopted an HIV/AIDS prevention behaviour because of; listening to "Twende". This was a 10 point rise from 72% in 1994.

77 percent of those who adopted safer sex reduced their number of sexual partners; 16 percent began using condoms; 6 percent stopped sharing razors and/or needles. 61% of listeners reported discussing HIV/AIDS issues raised in 'Twende' with friends [55 %]; spouse [37%]; other individuals [8%].

Strong correlation between percentage of people in a ward (small community) who listen to 'Twende' and predominance of positive norms in that ward about crucial family planning values - e.g.: ideal age of marriage; ideal age for of first birth for women; approval of Couples using a family planning method; and ideal number of children [comparing 1993 to 1995].

There was as similar correlation with one reported behaviour: male respondents currently using family planning methods; and one observable factor: percentage of married women currently pregnant.

"Effects of an Entertainment-Education Radio Soap Opera on Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Prevention Behaviour in Tanzania" [PDF] by Rogers, Vaughan, Swalehe, Rao, Svenkerud, Sood and Alford.