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Social Learning Theory - or - Social Cognitive Theory

Theory Summary

In Social Learning Theory, human behaviour is explained in terms of a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal theory in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact. A basic premise of Social Learning Theory is that people learn not only through their own experiences, but also by observing the actions of others and the results of those actions. In the 1970s, Albert Bandura published a comprehensive framework for understanding human behaviour, based on a cognitive formulation which he named the Social Cognitive Theory. That framework is currently the dominant version used in health behaviour and health promotion; however, it is still often referred to as Social Learning Theory.

Concept
Definition
Application
Reciprocal Determinism
Behaviour changes result from interaction between person and environment; change is bi-directional
Involve the individual and relevant others; work to change the environment, if warranted
Behavioral Capability
Knowledge and skills to influence behavior
Provide information and training about action
Expectations
Beliefs about likely results of action
Incorporate information about likely results of action in advice
Self-Efficacy
Confidence in ability to take action and persist in action
Point out strengths; use persuasion and encouragement; approach behaviour change in small steps
Observational Learning
Beliefs based on observing others like self and/or physical results
Point out others' experience, physical visible changes; identify role models to emulate
Reinforcement
Responses to a person's behaviour that increase or decrease the chances of recurrence
Provide incentives, rewards, praise; encourage self-reward; decrease possibility of negative responses that deter positive changes

Source

'Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice' National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.


Placed on the Communication Initiative site July 29 2003
Last Updated July 29 2003

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