ALL HUMAN TRAITS

Greed, Conventional Wisdom, Conservatism, Ignorance, Imagination, Hunches, Sloppiness, Wild Ideas, Pig-Headedness, Anarchy, Jealousy, Inspiration, Persistence, Laziness, Incompetence, Care, Ambition, Competence, Wisdom, Dedication

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Undergraduate Education / Graduate Training

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"WHAT WILL THEY THINK?" *Proposal reviewing. *Grant funding.

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FRONTIER SCIENCE

Bright Ideas, Silly Ideas, Ingenuity, Hunches, Trial and Error, Quick and Dirty Experiments

Mixed Motives, Ruthlessness, Stubborness, Conflicts of Interest, Generosity, Luck, Cutting Corners, Ideosyncracy

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"CAN THIS GET PUBLISHED?" *Replicate and clean up. *Seminars and preprints. *Editors and referees.

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PRIMARY LITERATURE

Research Papers, Putative Science, Abstracts

Mostly Not Obviously Wrong, Might Be Right

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*Testing and use by others. *Modification and extension. *Citation of useful work.

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SECONDARY LITERATURE

*Review Articles, Monographs

*Mostly Reliable

*Time. *Use by others. *Concordance with other fields.

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TEXTBOOK SCIENCE

Mostly Very Reliable

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*Time. *Use by others. *Connections among sciences.

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TEXTBOOKS OF THE FUTURE

Work Well

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In stages, deficiencies are eliminated by virtue of the social institutions that science has evolved, peer review in particular.